Personalized algorithms may quietly sabotage how people learn, nudging them into narrow tunnels of information even when they start with zero prior knowledge. In the study, participants using ...

Abstract: Since its introduction, the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm has attracted considerable attention from researchers worldwide due to its simple structure, ease of implementation, and ...

Abstract: In this paper, a modified bi-level Stackelberg leader-follower algorithm is designed and applied to a system having multiple consumers, which operates in two major steps. In step 1, when the ...