With the rapid development of material science and manufacturing science, a large number of complex structures have been designed, manufactured and applied in the industrial field. Most of the current ...

Over the past decade, 3-D printing has transformed from a hobbyist or prototyping tool into an industrial-grade production process, referred to as additive manufacturing. Today, additively ...

Naturally occurring porous ceramic structure inside sea urchin spines can generate measurable electrical voltage in response to water contact.