Up, down, to the left and to the right…. – the servo hydraulic testing machine HB 100 of Zwick in Ulm considers all possibilities and performs both tensile/compression and torsion tests on helical ...

Spring rate remains about linear (Hooke's Law) until gradual coil dampening and loss boost rate. Make free length a reference dimension so spring makers can adjust it as needed to obtain load at a ...

Helical coil springs are a mainstay in today’s automotive suspensions, with a basic design essentially unchanged since their advent. MW Industries (Rosemont, IL, US) is the largest US spring ...