In 1959, the original Mini Cooper popularized an engineering breakthrough that nearly every automaker uses today.

The general layout of the motorcycle hasn’t changed much throughout history. There’s an engine or electric motor bolted to the frame, and via a chain, belt, or driveshaft, it drives the rear wheel.

Among gearheads, an engine at the front, a manual gearbox in the middle, and the drive going to the rear wheels is the quintessential driver's car. Modern all-wheel-drive cars can handle impressively, ...