About 1,800 miles beneath the surface, Earth’s internal structure changes abruptly where the solid rock of the mantle meets the swirling molten iron of the outer core. But the boundary between the ...

The Earth’s inner core, a solid sphere predominantly composed of iron and nickel, occupies a central role in our planet’s evolution and geodynamo processes. Although hidden beneath thousands of ...

The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP), located in the Pacific Ocean, formed around 110 to 120 million years ago through massive submarine volcanic eruptions. This event is considered the most extensive ...