Diffraction occurs when a wave encounters an obstruction in its path and will change direction, or wrap around it. In ocean waves, we see this occur when a wave encounters an object like a jetty and ...

THE increasing application to various radio purposes of ultra-short electric waves of less than 10 m. in wave-length has given a new stimulus to the problem of calculating the field strength at ...

Devices known as photonic integrated circuits 1,2 could succeed electronic circuits in future data-storage, computation and communications technologies, because they would allow improved data ...

In 1967 the Russian physicist Victor Veselago predicted the existence of a material with a negative index of refraction, which he termed “left-handed.” He concluded that in the presence of such a ...

Light scattering as the basis for size determination of many objects has been explored for a long time. It was Gustav Mie, author of the Mie Scattering Theory, who studied gold nanoparticles in ...

In addition to our other problems, we must also contend with transmission (with attenuation), reflection, refraction, diffraction, absorption, and scattering. In addition to our other problems, we ...

Scientists have demonstrated that negative refraction can be achieved using atomic arrays -- without the need for artificially manufactured metamaterials. Scientists have long sought to control light ...

Refraction—the bending of light as it passes through different media—has long been constrained by physical laws that prevent independent control over how light waves along different directions bend.

Most people know that light travels in a straight line unless something acts upon it to change its direction. The three most common methods of changing the direction of light are refraction, ...