The major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) antigen presentation pathway is central to the adaptive immune response. In this process, intracellular proteins are degraded primarily by the ...

CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) serve as central effectors in cancer immunotherapy by directly eliminating tumor cells. However, current clinical therapies face significant limitations. These ...

An antigen is any substance that can trigger an immune response in the body. Antigens are typically proteins or polysaccharides that are recognized as foreign or potentially harmful by the immune ...